蝇王1963

E.B.Taylor, A famous anthropologist and sociologist in nineteenth century, maintained that culture evolved from the simple to the complex and that all societies passed through three basic stages of development: from savagery through barbarism to civilization. But in this movie, we see the opposite law.A group of children were shipwrecked and landed on an uninhabited island. This group of children must build their own society on the island. At first, There was in order. Everyone had division of labor, everyone could express their views, everyone had food to eat. But soon, everything was broken, and the thirst for power and food made the children fall apart.

From Civilization through Barbarism to Savagery

There are two core figures in the film：Ralph and Jack.Ralph has knowledge and thought of a civilized world, he is more mature than the other children.Jack is a very attractive child. He has strong organizational skills. He leads the children in hunting, and leads everyone to sing when they breaks.

Ralph and Jack

It is worth noting that almost all the actors in the movie are children.Children mean ignorance, innocence and simplicity.So, children’s society is closest to Hobbes's "state of nature”.

Ralph has wisdom from the civilized world of the future.He advocated cooperation and set up a democratic system. Everyone has the right to speak and establish rules and regulations to regulate people's behavior. But the rules he made are loose, and are not guaranteed by force. It is obviously not suitable for children's society, because they are children, few people can understand it.So Ralph was seen as a idealist.In contrast, Jack's tribe is more realistic.In that case, whoever can let everyone have meat to eat and help everyone fight against wild animals will become the leader.People followed Jack because of fear or hunger.Then a hierarchy is formed.As Hobbes pointed out that society was a group of people under an authority , each individual delivered natural rights to this authority to maintain peace and resist foreign aggression.

The conflict between Ralph and Jack is mainly institutional. In the early days, Ralph made many rules and regulations. This is also the result of modern civilization. Jack is tired of these constraints and finds that the rules of civilization cannot give everyone a substantial hunting. Help, so Jack chose to give up humanity and regain the animal nature. They killed Simon, Piggy, and pursued Ralph (both children who advocate democracy in the movie). At this time, they are no different from the wolves and can no longer be Belong to the ranks of people.

My major is archaeology, in daily learning, I learned the state of ancient society.In the Paleolithic age of hundreds of thousands of years ago, people were hunting and gathering for living.The state of that time was very similar to that in the movie.People couldn't imagine what cooperation would bring to them.The only thing people want is safety and food.So the man who is the strongest with the highest hunting skills became the leader.

Another focus in the film is the monster.It is because of the fear of this ultimate evil that people finally lose their mind.People started offering sacrifices to it.But such a monster has a good appearance only (in the film, which is figurative as the corpse of a pilot), and the truth of the "paper tiger" will be discovered by uncovering its skin. Unfortunately, the children are ignorant, and they can not admit the simplest truth. Children who know the truth are either accidentally killed as "monster" （Simon）or are killed as "wild animals"（Ralph）. In fact, the truth is the weapon that the rulers fear most.

This once again restore the real ancient society.The ruler establish his authority by mystifying some ordinary things and consolidate authority through a strict hierarchy.People who are not in the ruling elite have no right to know the truth.For example, in ancient Egypt, people could not see Pharaoh himself, because Pharaoh wanted people to believe he was God.The Shang Dynasty was the same.As we know, the Shang and Dynasty has a brilliant bronze civilization. In the same period, the exquisite bronzes were in sharp contrast with the rough and backward tools of production. The rulers with bronze casting technology monopolized the technology and raw material. They did not want to share the technology ,but set up a complete system for mystifying and sanctifying bronze to maintain this order.

Bronze

This movie show us a battle of modern morality and primitive instinct. Violence and instinct are necessary. There is no need to talk about such superstructures as reason and democracy without satisfying the instinctive physiological needs.It takes thousands of years for people to walk into civilization, and it takes only one second to think about backing savagery.

The stupidity, blindness, and animalism that the boys concealed under the education were induced by the director.When human civilization faced the crisis of survival, it unveiled its hypocrisy. The conch symbolized the democratic order but it is so fragile in the face of violence and the desire to survive.

因为一出好戏 看的蝇王 总体来说 故事情节都比较单一 后半段感觉进展有些快 故事的讲述也不够生动

我是信人之初性本恶的 在没有了社会规则约束的情况下 人类内心的恶就被释放出来 蝇王的故事是发生在一群小孩身上 一反大家对于天真可爱儿童形象的描写 蝇王描绘了一群恶童 相比于一出好戏 更加反应人性 更加残酷

最后机长说what you guys are doing仿佛在他眼里只是一群孩子在过家家 想来可笑 就和一出好戏来说 一出好戏是想表达的太多 电影有些撑不住 蝇王恰恰相反 没看过原著 但就电影来说 有些单薄了

我从不觉得儿童就是天性善良的 更不相信人之初性本善 人类血液里就流动着兽性 变坏很容易 一旦突破了原则之后便会覆水难收 很多人得知自己患了绝症之后便会“黑化” 比如这段时间的滴滴司机 因为他不受规则的约束了 与他而言 他现在就身处人性的荒岛 我们进化至今 一步步建立起生存的规则就是为了压抑我们的劣根性 贪婪 嫉妒 懒惰 这些看似刺眼的词 就是扎根在我们每个人身体里的

即便如此 我们的世界仍然美丽 因为我们通过后天的学习和教育以及身边的人的言传身教 来变得善良 这让我觉得规则和传承真伟大 我也乐于继续传承善良

以上。

据说，《圣经》中，蝇王是万恶之首；在英语中，蝇王是污秽和粪便之王，象征着丑恶。苍蝇毫不羞涩的占据全世界人们厌恶和排斥的昆虫之首，不仅仅是它生活的环境令人恶心，更重要的是污秽也是诞生它的家园。这部根据诺贝尔文学奖获得者威廉·戈尔丁同名小说改编的电影即用这个名字暗喻着人性之恶，通过种种象征意义探讨了环境影响和人性塑造的关系。

故事被架空在想象中的第三次世界大战，影片以放映幻灯片式的方式将动态的背景陈述换成静态的照片陈列，照片上的人事诉说着不同的、普通的、死板的、过去式的硝烟与平静，仿佛过去、现在、未来这一纸条被折成了莫比乌斯环，抛弃掉两边的牵扯，只剩下“现在”的真伪。

影片的主角是一群六至十二岁的孩童，真正令人厌恶的年纪，早已忘记自己鸟样童年的成人一边对他们的劣行以“不懂事”为名加以辩护，一边用拳头和幻想塑造这个自己身上掉下的泥人。社会上的种种规则、不成文的约束、成人的力量、物质的诱惑等等都是现代文明赐予孩子的火锅，不论你是菜花童还是油菜童，跳进去涮上一阵子，都是“成熟”的好市民，光荣的家族使命和社会责任在遥遥等待。

就像飞机坠毁一样，这个火锅翻了，孩子们被遗落在了某地荒岛。

荒岛的设定意味着与文明世界脐带的断裂，蔬菜们不能被一双双勤劳的双手洗刷干净、不能被切成喜欢的形状分帮立派的安置到不同的盘子、不能静静地等待就有筷子来把它们夹进锅里。面临突如其来的自由，孩子们首先感受到的是巨大的惶恐，那股冥冥之中控制一切的力量不见了，他们从按时做什么变成了按时却不知该做什么。多数人的弱势开始显现：寻求一个精神上和身体上的领导者，最重要的是，这个人可以负责思考和负责。

手持海螺的拉尔夫登场，他吹响海螺将众童聚集到沙滩上，所有的儿童都认定持有海螺的人最有发言权和权威，除了杰克领导的合唱团，拉尔夫成为众望所归的领袖，民主第一次展现出它的力量，其实也逃不过少数服从多数的规律，这种以数量上不理智的压制来统领的手段在片尾的围剿中才显露其獠牙和利爪。

在拉尔夫的领导下，孩子们一方面了解到这是个孤岛，一方面意识到必须要主动建立起与外界的联系，而他们的方法便是寻求火源，用浓烟吸引飞机或轮船到此。而在离开之前，便是搭屋建棚、收集野果等一系列工作，在玩闹嬉耍里，小集体的生活总算正式开始，后面隐藏的种种弊端也开始凸显。手持尖刀的杰克根本不服从拉尔夫的领导，拉尔夫自己也只信任自己团队里年龄较大的孩子，对年龄小的孩子不屑一顾，后来因为杰克的疏忽导致火种熄灭失去救援机会成为了第一次矛盾的导火索。

在这次矛盾之后，两帮势力的分别更为明显：杰克帮的孩子依靠杰克的小刀将木棒的两端削尖作为武器，他们虽然还穿着合唱团的短裤并戴着帽子，却集体脱掉了上衣；而拉尔夫帮的孩子衣服因为穿梭在树林里变得破破烂烂，但就是破的分不清领口和袖口的衣服，这个帮的孩子还是尽量体面的穿着它们。荒岛上原先以规则和秩序建立的社会文明出现倒退倾向，人类文明的三个阶段原始文明、农业文明、工业文明里，以杰克小刀绝对力量的出现开始向农业文明滑坡。孩子们的行为开始越来越野蛮，为本能驱使的杀死动物来果腹不再充满罪恶感和恐惧，死去动物喷薄而出的鲜血更在视觉和心理上极大地刺激了这些孩童的本能：与其说是人类的本能，倒不如说是所有食肉动物的本能。

两个孩子第一次发现“怪兽”时，拉尔夫和杰克都去查看，但除了杰克占领了一个有利地形的山洞之外毫无线索，然而所有的孩子都被“怪兽”的描述吓坏了，大海和黑暗变成了他们最为恐惧的东西。此时，拉尔夫的理智论再也无法控制住杰克的本能论：规则和秩序的存在意义受到怀疑，且它们都不能为最基础的生存提供物质上的帮助，比如在“怪兽”面前，杰克的小刀和自信才是力量的源泉。

工业文明瓦解，农业文明兴起。

投靠杰克的孩子们得到削尖的木棍，通过劳动获得食物，最最重要的是，杰克使用植物在孩子们脸上和身上涂抹各种线条和颜色，并用“部落”形容自己的团体。杰克宣扬，为了不受怪兽伤害，他们必须定期进贡猪头给怪兽。故事发展到这，已经能见到原始宗教和图腾崇拜的起源。杰克帮彻底丢弃了原来合唱团衣服的穿法，像土著般随意缠绕挡住重点部位即可。而犯了错的部落族人，会受到脱光了抽屁股的惩罚。这个部落的团结依靠杰克尖刀的威信和对“怪兽”的恐惧，即便“怪兽”一直只是他们一厢情愿的幻想和去控制恐惧的借口。

猪仔的眼镜是火种之源，在杰克帮在夜晚的狂欢中以杀死“怪兽”的名义杀死一名孩童之后，抢劫在他们眼中也是弱肉强食的本事比拼，他们趁着夜晚的掩护抢走了猪仔的眼镜，控制了火源，不是为了向外界求救，仅仅是为了烧烤食物。向本能屈服总是比受到道德感约束容易的多，这里既有及时行乐的天性，也是顺从懒惰的劣根性。

被遗忘的电话号码、脱下的衣服、杀人后的笑脸、会说的单词越来越少、用嚎叫传递信息，原始部落彻底成型。这个荒岛的部落已经显现了几点注定消亡的证据：1.没有女童。2.杰克放火烧岛。3.小岛很小，资源有限。4.自相残杀毫无障碍。完全受兽性本能支配的杰克部落在杰克暴虐的统治下对谎言深信不疑，对试图让他们认清真相的孩童毫不留情的抹杀。杰克部落孩童数量上的绝对优势让拉尔夫最终孤身一人成为了被围剿者——“怪兽”的化身。为了消除令人不快的莫名其妙的恐惧感，以及融入集体的安全感，整个小岛陷入一片围剿活人的癫狂之中。

也正是这种癫狂，令权欲熏心的杰克放火烧岛试图逼拉尔夫现身，浓烟引起了海军警觉，才救了拉尔夫一命。看着统一着装、规律严谨、统一有序的白衣海军出现，那一刻现代人的形象真是宛若天神，难怪当年欧洲白色人种轻而易举的拿下了各个原始部落。然而，只有拉尔夫痛哭流涕，救援如此容易，同伴们却宁可选择丧失人性。

人性的离去，是现代文明的不挽留、还是原始本能的追求？

《蝇王》观感

看了书，又去看电影。美国的新版看了几眼，还是喜欢英国旧版，尤其喜欢Piggy，他的抑扬顿挫又奶声奶气的英式英语，十分可爱。

眼看着自己喜欢的小孩，从惯被欺凌到被谋杀惨死，深深感到人性的恶。代表理性与秩序的Ralph有，反派角色Jack有，事实上在我们的人性深处都有，这种恶人人有份。这大概是《蝇王》想要表达的主要观点。

在生活中遇到另一种观点：把儿童想象成善。这是一种简单化的儿童观，分裂了儿童与成人，似乎善与恶两者各负责一半。读书会上次讨论艺术，有同学认为儿童画更有艺术性，大人要向孩子学习。这是同一种论调。画家刘老师对此的回应是否定的。

这样想的人，一旦发现恶在孩子身上也同样存在，就会180度转向另一种观点：人性如此之恶，应该寻找一些对策把它彻底消灭。从学校到社会，这会带来更大的恶：过度控制乃至极权专制。

听来一个故事：幼儿园，小班，老师发现有人偷偷把吃剩的饭菜倒在不该倒的地方，为了找出这个小孩，动员大家举报，还用糖果作为奖励，可是实在是查不出来。老师后来甚至想要调出监控，最终担心“面子”作罢。

道德洁癖吗？痒痒一定要抓，皮肤抓破也不要紧。

因为明知道有恶，就去大肆干涉孩子的行为，限制孩子的自由。这样做，无论抓到抓不到，都可能破坏孩子的世界。这其实还是不能正视孩子的世界中这个恶的存在，还是一味的想要孩子与善良、正义，与那些我们希望的美德在一起。

推荐一本书，河合隼雄的《孩子与恶》，这是一本把善与恶整合起来思考的书。他说孩子本来就是与恶一起成长的，恶也有建设性的作用。黑格尔说：“恶是从普遍的事物中切离出自己，是自我的个别化的过程。所以恶不仅是必然的，还是必须的。”

再推荐两部电影，都是孩子与恶的主题：《白丝带》和《蜂巢幽灵》。