长跑者的寂寞

1.准确的说，是参加过“自由电影运动”的导演托尼.理查德森根据“愤怒派”小说改编的电影。2.有人居然评论说是意识流电影，我更认为最后比赛中的意识流段落本身是对长跑中的“极限”现象的视觉化模仿，同时也通过他心理的冲突对他最后的选择做出铺垫；抛开该片其它部分的现实主义风格不谈是非常不明智的。3.还有人评论说该片更像《公民凯恩》而不是《四百击》，让人无法理解。可以说本片的倒序、插叙的叙事策略可能让人联想起《公民凯恩》，不过同《四百击》相通的母题是更无法忽视的。家庭问题、少年犯罪；同四百击一样，横移的跑步长镜头显现了一个孤独的逃离社会管制的少年形象，与之不同的是，本片中跑步本身成为了一种反抗的方式，他不再无路可逃，停下来就是反抗。4.相比起法国新浪潮更为简单直接的户外拍摄、手持镜头，本片的黑白摄影无疑更为考究。从片中那些细腻的低调镜头以及夜景场景中就可见一斑。5.剪辑极赞，既有针锋相对的特写对话场面，也有借助镜头和人物运动实现的转场。

提及六十年代，会想到法国新浪潮、新德国电影，还有美国开始萌芽的独立电影
却总会忽略英国电影
仔细想想
除了电影初期的布莱顿学派和之后的纪录电影学派
英国能说上口的类型和学派着实不多
但细细看了理查德森的这部电影
真心是大师之作
那个年代的电影大多会涉及政治和现实，《长跑者的寂寞》不算独份
但着重从青少年的视角来讲述故事
并且不像维果的《操行零分》，只限于表象
这部电影多了精神分析式的心理挖掘，把个人成长和家庭、社会联系在一起，可歌可叹
这才是像样的青春电影啊
一直期待国内能弱化风花雪月、儿女情长，拍一些真正表现青少年心理的青春电影
不是没有标杆、不是没有典型
无论怎样，怀揣期待吧

跑步总我是生活里的重头戏，尤其是和警察赛跑。跑步这件事难以理解，我只知道要一直跑，不问为什么，跑过田野穿过树林，而终点遥不可及，这就是长跑者的寂寞。——开场独白

一、梗概

不良少年Smith，终日游手好闲玩世不恭，对父亲的死耿耿于怀，对母亲怀有怨恨，对冷漠的社会敌视，对工厂主愤怒。

女友Audrey给了他短暂的温暖，他却在现实问题上不得不再次向社会低头，「为什么你总是逃避」，爱人的问让他无力。

因为盗窃45英镑，他被送进了少年感化院劳动。

二、逃跑，妥协还是反抗

感化院是传统的社会秩序的代表。在这里，任何人都有自己的位置，任何事情都被安排好，会有人监督你起床、劳动、吃饭……在这里，因为更擅长跑步，Smith取代了老大Stacey的位置。

同伴说，如果我像你那样跑得快，我就会从这逃出去了。Smith反问「逃跑有什么意义？最好的办法是学着狡猾，让他们以为你会乖乖听话，但我才不会真的听那些狗杂种呢。」

而Stacey因为无法适应角色被取代，选择了逃跑。Stacey被认为是传统秩序里的失败者，而这样的心灰意冷者对体制是无用的，被抛弃的。

院长迫切地需要靠Smith来赢得越野比赛，创造历史性的记录，因而特别关照Smith，甚至给他描绘这样的未来蓝图，最为一名田径选手的远大前程：「奥林匹克是文明最美好的结晶，也是运动员的最高荣誉……」

比赛的最初，Smith也为「32岁就能退休，开捷豹，被粉丝追捧的体育明星」而鼓舞，燃起斗志遥遥领先。但跑到终点时，过往的经历不断在Smith脑海闪现。父亲的死，勤勤恳恳地工作只为拿一周八英镑的薪水，受尽工厂主的盘剥……家庭的冷漠，母亲的出轨……警察的鄙夷……女友面前的无力……

他认清了事实。当比赛完成后自己不过会作为一颗棋子被抛弃，社会依旧是那个社会，冰冷、灰暗、压抑。大幅领先的Smith选择停下，微笑着，将胜利拱手让与本无机会的对手，表达对旧世界旧秩序的不满与蔑视。

三、长跑者的寂寞

一直在旧秩序里挣扎，却无法改变任何事实，希望的未来如此遥不可及，就像跑步这件事难以理解一样，我们只知道要不问为什么地前进，而终点却遥不可及。

这就是长跑者一样的寂寞。

二战后的英国，国力迅速衰退，战后的人民，已经褪去了战时的爱国主义热情，当大家发现，期望战后新秩序带来美好社会的理想越发不切实际时，电视里的说教越来越空洞、滑稽时，悲观失望之中，大家开始怀疑旧的一套社会秩序是否可行，社会上出现了越来越多的旁观者、愤怒者，秩序的反抗者，严厉的批评者。

青年一代迷茫、愤怒，不愿意像父辈一样走进工厂忍受剥削。他们希望走出去到伦敦去，却又无可奈何、终日困顿，以嘲讽为乐。

不得不说，在任何一个不能给人以信心，美好遥不可及的社会，都有这样的一些人，他们冷眼旁观，他们嘲讽传统的社会规则，或许他们狡猾地，像乖孩子一样安分守己扮演自己的角色，但他们的内心如此失落，忍受着长跑者一样的寂寞。

本文非评论，纯粹是导评和原著小说后的一些心得汇总,持续更新：

原作者对主演Tom Courtenay的评论：

I think Tom Courtenay has that lean, hungry, aware look which Colin Smith have in order to come around, not winning the race.

电影开始时的Alec McCowen和Tom Courtenay的心理测试戏为即兴表演。

Michael Redgrave 的女儿和导演为夫妻

Tom Courtenay 和他所扮演的 Colin Smith虽然同样出生工人阶级，但人生的选择可谓完全相反；Tom Courtenay 也主要被电影的浪漫层面而非政治层面吸引

Tony Richardson 对 实景拍摄 的评论
“ I hate studios. I no longer want to shoot even the interiors in a studio. I would rather work in limited conditions which the locations imposed upon you. For the sort of realistic films I want to make, by improvising one's way out of the impossibilities of real conditions, you get something on the screen that is more true, somehow, than something contrived on a set .
Once inside a studio, you start taking walls out, you start thinking: wouldn't it be fun if we track from here to there, pan around there, and you know, do a lot of fancy stuff. One is getting, in fact, less of the human reality."

电影名字叫 The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner， runner这个词被翻译成奔跑者当然没错，但其实它还有另一个意思：赛马
而原著小说里其实把这个双关意图表达的相当明显，比如主人公一直以赛马自比，实际上认为自己是感化院管理者的玩物，在校际比赛中为管理者像赛马一样赢得荣誉：

【And now the governor talks to me when he comes on his rounds, almost as he'd talk to his prize race horse, if he had one.】
“院长巡视时会跟我讲话，就像他和他的好马说话一样，如果他有的话。”

还有"They give us a bit of blue ribbon and a cup for a prize after we've shagged ourselves out running or jumping,like race horses, only we don't get so well looked-after as race horses,that's the only thing."
“他们在我们像赛马一般筋疲力尽之后给一点奖赏和奖杯，只是我们没有像赛马被样照顾得那么好”

【And I'll lose that race, because I'm not a race horse at all, and I'll let him know it when I'm about to get out】
“我会输掉比赛，因为我绝不是赛马，而且我离开感化院的时候会让他（院长）知道这一点”

这样的内容还有很多，而感化院无疑可看作体制的象征，所以赛马这一比喻对于原著小说要讲的内容的来说还是很适合的。
另外奔跑还有和体制对抗赛跑这层意思，这个在电影里的社区追逐戏里也有体现，但在小说里更明确，比如在赛跑结束后，小说快结束时：“It's about time to stop; though don't think I'm not still running,because I am, one way or another.”

可是这些意思没能在电影里很好的表达出来，所以奔跑本身在电影里简直只是一个抒情工具（当然相关影像还是拍的很好），换成其他运动也可以了。

导演称A Taste of Honey (1961) 和 The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1962)，是他拍的最愉快的两部电影。

摄影师认为 Taste of Honey (1961) 和 The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1962)的出众之处并不在于描述工人阶级生活，而是在于它们对工人阶级生活有一种诗意的视角，原话就是"It is not at all a strictly realistic view, it is very much a romantic view, and that is what attract me to them."

关于主角为什么不跑的问题，原著有大段的心理描写：
【The pot-bellied pop-eyed bastard gets pleased at this: "Good show. I know you'll get us that cup," he says.
And I swear under my breath: "Like boggery, I will." No, I won't get them that cup, even though the stupid tash-twitching bastard has all his hopes in me. Because what does his barmy hope mean? I ask myself. Trot-trot-trot, slap-slap-slap, over the stream and into the wood where it's almost dark and frosty-dew twigs sting my legs. It don't mean a bloody thing to me, only to him, and it means as much to him as it would mean to me if I picked up the racing paper and put my bet on a hoss I didn't know, had never seen, and didn't care a sod if I ever did see. That's what it means to him. And I'll lose that race, because I'm not a race horse at all, and I'll let him know it when I'm about to get out--if I don't sling my hook even before the race. By Christ I will. I'm a human being and I've got thoughts and secrets and bloody life inside me that he doesn't know is there, and he'll never know what's there because he's stupid. I suppose you'll laugh at this, me saying the governor's a stupid bastard when I know hardly how to write and he can read and write and add-up like a professor But what I say is true right enough. He's stupid, and I'm not, because I can see further into the likes of him than he can see into the likes of me. Admitted, we're both cunning, but I'm more cunning and I'll win in the end even if I die in gaol at eighty-two, because I'll have more fun and fire out of my life than he'll ever get out of his. He's read a thousand books I suppose, and for all I know he might even have written a few, but I know for a dead cert, as sure as I'm sitting here, that what I'm scribbling down is worth a million to what he could ever scribble down. I don't care what anybody says, but that's the truth and can't be denied. I know when he talks to me and I look into his army mug that I'm alive and he's dead. He's as dead as a doornail. If he ran ten yards he'd drop dead. If he got ten yards into what goes on in my guts he'd drop dead as well--with surprise. At the moment it's dead blokes like him as have the whip-hand over blokes like me, and I'm almost dead sure it'll always be like that, but even so, by Christ, I'd rather be like I am--always on the run and breaking into shops for a packet of fags and a jar of jam--than have the whip-hand over somebody else and be dead from the toe nails up. Maybe as soon as you get the whip-hand over somebody you do go dead. By God, to say that last sentence has needed a few hundred miles of long-distance running. I could no more have said that at first than I could have took a million-pound note from my back pocket. But it's true, you know, now I think of it again, and has always been true, and always will be true, and I'm surer of it every time I see the governor open that door and say Goodmorning lads.】

我理解是主角不想像赛马那样，为别人的利益服务，要活出更自由的人生，即使可能付出更大的代价。

影片最后奔跑完成后主角的笑容并非剧本事先的安排，而是纯属意外。